NAME

       pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.


SYNOPSIS

       pscoupe   files  -Jparameters  -Rwest/east/south/north  -Aparameters  [
       -Btickinfo ]  [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [-M] [ -N
       ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d] ] [ -s<symbol><size>[/d] ] [ -Tn
       ] [ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [  -Z<cpt>
       ] [ -a[<size>/[P_symbol>/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ] [ -efill ] [ -ppen ]
       [ -tpen ] [ -: ] [ -c#copies ]


DESCRIPTION

       pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input] and  generates
       PostScript  code  that will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-
       section.  Focal mechanisms  may be  specified  and  require  additional
       columns of data.  The PostScript code is written to standard output.

       files  list one or more file-names. If no files are given, pscoupe will
       read standard input.

       A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the mechanism
       (from  lower  focal  half-sphere  for  horizontal plane, to half-sphere
       behind a vertical plane).  When the plane is not  horizontal,  -  north
       direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) -
       east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down  direc-
       tion (= north^east) becomes u^s
       Axis  angles  are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the
       new system.
       Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east)  is
       defined  in  (-u^s,  -u, s) system.  A  file  is created with extracted
       events.


       -J     Selects the map projection. Scale is  UNIT/degree,  1:xxxxx,  or
              width  in  UNIT  (upper case modifier).  UNIT is cm, inch, or m,
              depending on the MEASURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but  this
              can  be overridden on the command line by appending the c, i, or
              m to the scale/width value.

              CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
              -Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
              -Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as origin)
              -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and standard paral-
              lel)
              -Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale   (Oblique   Mercator  -  point  and
              azimuth)
              -Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator - two points)
              -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale  (Oblique  Mercator  -  point  and
              pole)
              -Jqlon0/scale  (Equidistant  Cylindrical  Projection (Plate Car-
              ree))
              -Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equator as y = 0)
              -Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set origin)
              -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
              -Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)

              AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
              -Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
              -Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
              -Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
              -Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)

              CONIC PROJECTIONS:

              -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
              -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
              -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)

              MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

              -Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
              -Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
              -Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
              -Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
              -Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
              -Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
              -Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)

              NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

              -Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r)  coordinates,  optional  a
              for azimuths and offset theta [0])
              -Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]]  (Linear,  log,  and  power
              scaling)
              More details can be found in the psbasemap manpages.

       -R     west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest.  To
              specify boundaries in degrees and minutes [and seconds], use the
              dd:mm[:ss] format.  Append r if lower left and upper  right  map
              coordinates are given instead of wesn.  If frame is defined from
              cross-section parameters (see -A) this option is not taken  into
              account, but must be present.

       -A  selects the cross-section.
              -Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              lon  and  lat  are  the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2
              limiting the length ot the cross-section.
              dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is  made.
              p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a ver-
              tical plane or above and under an oblique plane.
              dmin and dmax are the distances  min  and  max  from  horizontal
              plane, along steepest descent direction.
              Add f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
              -Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning of
              the cross-section.
              strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-section.
              p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made.
              The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
              -Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
              -Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
              The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coordinates.

       -S     selects the meaning of the columns in the data file and the fig-
              ure to be plotted.

       -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal  mechanisms  in Aki and Richard convention.  scale adjusts
              the scaling of the radius of the "beach  ball",  which  will  be
              proportional to the magnitude.  The scale is the size for magni-
              tude = 5 in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p  is  appended  to
              indicate  that  the  size information is in units of cm, inches,
              meters, or points, respectively).  Use the -T option  to  render
              the  beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and
              the circumference.  The color or shade of the compressive  quad-
              rants  can  be specified with the -G option.  The color or shade
              of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E  option.
              Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:


       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip and rake

       7:     magnitude

       8,9:   not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format

       10:    text  string  to  appear above the beach ball (default) or under
              (add u).


       -Scscale
              Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.  scale  adjusts  the
              scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor-
              tional to the magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
              (that  is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
              or p is appended to indicate that the  size  information  is  in
              units  of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).  Use the
              -T option to render the beach ball transparent by  drawing  only
              the  nodal  planes  and the circumference. The color or shade of
              the compressive quadrants can be specified with the  -G  option.
              The  color  or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified
              with the -E option.  Parameters are expected to be in  the  fol-
              lowing columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1

       7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2

       10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if magnitude is uses
              instead of scalar moment, magnitude is in column 10 and  0  must
              be in column 11)

       12,13: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format

       14:    text  string  to  appear above the beach ball (default) or under
              (add u).


       -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes.   scale
              adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the "beach ball", which
              will be proportional to the magnitude.  The scale  is  the  size
              for  magnitude  =  5  in  MEASURE_UNIT  (unless c, i, m, or p is
              appended to indicate that the size information is  in  units  of
              cm,  inches,  meters,  or  points,  respectively).  The color or
              shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the  -G
              option.   The  color  or shade of the extensive quadrants can be
              specified with the -E option.  Parameters are expected to be  in
              the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth

       4,5:   strike, dip of plane 1

       6:     strike of plane 2

       7:     must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

       8:     magnitude

       9,10:  not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format

       11:    text  string  to  appear above the beach ball (default) or under
              (add u).


       -Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Seismic moment tensor.
              scale adjusts the scaling of the radius  of  the  "beach  ball",
              which  will  be  proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the
              size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar  moment  =  4E+23
              dynes-cm)  in  MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
              indicate that the size information is in units  of  cm,  inches,
              meters,  or  points,  respectively).   (-T0 option overlays best
              double  couple  transparently.)   Put   -Sdscale[/fontsize[/off-
              set[u]]]  to  plot the only double couple part of moment tensor.
              Put -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part  of
              moment  tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade of the compres-
              sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.   The  color
              or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
              option.  Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9:
              mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm

       10:    exponent

       11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file format

       13:    Text  string  to  appear above the beach ball (default) or under
              (add u).


       -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  Principal axis.
              scale adjusts the scaling of the radius  of  the  "beach  ball",
              which  will  be  proportional to the magnitude. The scale is the
              size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23
              dynes-cm)  in  MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
              indicate that the size information is in units  of  cm,  inches,
              meters,  or  points,  respectively).   (-T0 option overlays best
              double  couple  transparently.)   Put   -Syscale[/fontsize[/off-
              set[u]]]  to  plot the only double couple part of moment tensor.
              Put -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part  of
              moment  tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade of the compres-
              sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.   The  color
              or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
              option.  Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
              value  (in  10*exponent  dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of the T, N,
              and P axes.

       13:    exponent

       14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.  Entries  in
              these  columns  are  necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in
              columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lat-
              itude  given in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will interchange
              the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

       16:    Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

       -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
              selects a symbol instead of mechanism.  Choose from the  follow-
              ing:  (c)  circle,  (d)  diamond, (i) itriangle, (s) square, (t)
              triangle, (x) cross.  size is the symbol  size  in  MEASURE_UNIT
              (unless  c,  i,  m,  or  p is appended to indicate that the size
              information is in  units  of  cm,  inches,  meters,  or  points,
              respectively).  If size must be read, it must be in column 4 and
              the text string will start in column 5.  Parameters are expected
              to be in the following columns:

       1,2:   longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

       3:     depth of event in kilometers

       4:     Text  string  to  appear above the beach ball (default) or under
              (add u).



OPTIONS

       No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.

       -B     Sets map boundary tickmark intervals; see the psbasemap man page
              for details.

       -Efill Selects  filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white.  Set the
              shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].

       -Gfill selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the
              compressional quadrants are shaded.  Set the  shade  (0-255)  or
              color  (r/g/b)  [Default  is  0/0/0].  Optionally, specify -Gpi-
              con_size/pattern, where pattern gives the number  of  the  image
              pattern  (1-32)  OR  the  name of a icon-format file.  icon_size
              sets the unit size in inches.  To invert black and white pixels,
              use -GP instead of -Gp.  See Appendix E for information on indi-
              vidual patterns.

       -H     Input file(s) has Header record(s).  Number  of  header  records
              can  be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file.  If used, GMT
              default is 1 header record.

       -K     More PostScript code will be appended later [Default  terminates
              the plot system].

       -L[pen]
              Draws  the  "beach  ball"  outline using current pen (see -W) or
              sets pen attributes.

       -M     Same size for any magnitude.

       -N     Does NOT skip symbols that  fall  outside  map  border  [Default
              plots points inside border only].

       -O     Selects  Overlay  plot mode [Default initializes a new plot sys-
              tem].

       -P     Selects Portrait plotting mode [GMT Default  is  Landscape,  see
              gmtdefaults to change this].

       -T[num_of_planes]
              Plots  the  nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans-
              parent.  If num_of_planes is
                    0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                    1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                    2: only the second nodal plane is plotted [Default: 0].

       -U     Draw Unix System time stamp on plot.  User may specify where the
              lower  left corner of the stamp should fall on the page relative
              to lower left corner of plot.  Optionally, append a label, or  c
              (which  will  plot  the  command  string.).   The GMT parameters
              UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appearance;  see  the
              gmtdefaults man page for details.

       -V     Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr
              [Default runs "silently"].

       -W     set pen attributes for text string or default pen attributes for
              fault  plane edges. [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture
              = solid].

       -X -Y  Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift).  Prepend a for  abso-
              lute coordinates; the default (r) will reset plot origin.

       -Zcptfile
              Give  a  color  palette  file  and let compressive part color be
              determined by the z-value in the third column.

       -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
              Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
              size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
              circle,  (d)  diamond,  (h)  hexagon,  (i)   inverse   triangle,
              (p)point,  (s)  square,  (t)  triangle,  (x)  cross.  [Defaults:
              0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]

       -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol.   Set  the  shade  (0-255)  or
              color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.]

       -gfill Selects  filling  of  P  axis  symbol.  Set the shade (0-255) or
              color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.]

       -p[pen]
              Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
              attributes.

       -t[pen]
              Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen
              attributes.

       -:     Toggles between  (longitude,latitude)  and  (latitude,longitude)
              input/output.   [Default  is  (longitude,latitude)].  Applies to
              geographic coordinates only.

       -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]


SEE ALSO

       gmt(GMTMANSECTION),   psbasemap(GMTMANSECTION)   psmeca(GMTMANSECTION),
       psxy(GMTMANSECTION)



REFERENCES

       Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
       Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
       F.  A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
       p.167.  Definition of scalar moment.
       Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
       and Sv
       Seismological  Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
       1996
       Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
       1995, p.384.
       W.H.  Press,  S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
       Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)



AUTHOR

       Genevieve Patau
       CNRS UMR 7580
       Seismology Dept.
       Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
       (patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)



VERSION                              DATE               PSCOUPE(GMTMANSECTION)

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